A case study is the one most common methods of teaching in the west and in many premier institutes in India. The instructor gives a case document student or the participants to study, analyze and discuss about it. This helps the students or participants in enhancing their reading, analytical, strategic planning and implementation skills and application of domain knowledge present situations. The case study method is a highly adaptable style of teaching that involves problem solving learning and promotes development of analytical skills. By presenting a content in the form of narrative accompanied by the questions and activities that promotes group discussion and solving of complex problems case studies facilities the higher level of blooms taxonomy and cognitive learning moving beyond the recall of knowledge, to analysis, evaluation and application.
Meaning of Case Studies
A case study is a comprehensive study of a social unit of a society, which may be a person, family group, institutions, community or event. A case study focuses attention on a single unit thoroughly .the aim is that to find out influencing factors of a social unit and the relationship between these factors and a social unit.
Definitions of a case study method
P.V. Young. Case study is a comprehensive study of a social unit b is a person or a group of persons and institution a community or a family.
Groode and Hatt. It is a method of exploring and analyzing the life of a social unit
C.H. Cooley. Case study depends on our perception and gives their insight into life the directory.
Johoda. Case study is a small inclusive and intensive study of an individual in which investigators bring to their skills and methods
Example of case study. If a family is decided to be studied in social unit, then after collecting a complete historical, chronology data and not by dividing the family into different sub unit .I it is tried to do the study of a complete family In case of case study method the social unit is selected for the study, what, what and why both the conditions are studied. It means the method a researcher not only explains complex behavioral patterns of social unit but also feeds the reason through which the behavioural pattern can into existence. In another words, it explains and describes the social unit.
Characteristics of a Case Study
• The number of units to be studied is small
• It is studies a social unique deeply and thoroughly
• It is a qualitative as well as quantitative
• It covers sufficient wide cycle of time
• It has continuity in nature.
Functions of Case study
The case study method describes a case in terms of their peculiarities. It gives us in sight of the extreme Cases whose unique features are not reflected by the usual statistical methods.
A case study helps to secure wealth information of the unit of study, may provide clues and ideas for the further study.it provides opportunities for the intensive analysis of many specific details that are overlooked in other methods.
It examines complex factors involved in a given situations so has to identify the casual factors involved in it.
A case study aims at studying everything about something rather than everything about something in case of statistical methods.
Uses of Case Study
Case Studies are a great way to improve learning experience, because the learner gets involved and encourage immediate use of newly acquired skills.
They differ from lectures and assigned learning because they require participation, and deliberate application of a broad range of skills.
Case Study helps researchers make the difference between knowing what to do, when to, and why to do it.
Utilization of case study has teaching method.
Practical application and testing of scholarly knowledge.
Provide an approximate various professional environment (classroom, boardroom courtroom or hospital etc.).
Incorporates the ideas that the students can learn from one another" by engaging with each other and each other’s ideas ,my asserting something and then have them questioned and thrown back at them so that they can hear and then refine what they say.
Kinds of Case Study. In case study method it's influence is not studied, but it surveys the condition which brings the changes in social unit in previous time than by being in present, behavior scientist stated the two kinds they are:
• Deviant case analysis
• Isolated clinical case analysis
Deviant Case Analysis
Researchers took two cases together in the despite of similarity they are of different in some forms. for example, researcher study the two cases ,in which one is normal and another is stiffer from schizophrenia, then this is the good example of deviant case analysis. Both the children are them so they are similar by difference run least Normal and another is schizophrenic: a mental disorder and a researcher will find out after a comparative study what are the factors that despite of similarity between the two children why they are indifferent from each other. This type of case analysis is done by Warwick and Shearson in 1973 (“Case study,” 2019).
Isolated Clinical Case Analysis
This type of case study researchers does analysis in individual units in analytical problems historically. In this type researcher analysis the events about the past time and on the basis of that reaches to a final conclusion. This type of method is used in psycho analysis. Wizen was the founder of this analysis in 1973 ,for example ; A child named Brewers who was the son of Rich parents and analysis was done on him by wixen, he introduced a rich person's family problems and discovered and the possible and appropriate solutions to these problems.
Types of Case Study
There are four types of Case study which are illustrative case study, exploratory case study, cumulative case study, critical instance case study.
Illustrative case study. These are primarily descriptive studies, they are typically utilizing one or two instance of an event show what a situations is like illustrative case study. They are used to make unfamiliar familiar and to give reader an idea about topic in question.
Exploratory or pilot case study.This type of case study is performed call implementing the large scale investigation. BBC function is to help identifying questions and select types of measurement prior to the main investigations .the primary pit fall in this type of study is that initial findings may seems to convincing enough to be released prematurely as conclusions.
Cumulative Case Study.These serve aggregate information from several sites collected at different times .the idea behind a study is that it provides general information regarding the past and will allow greater generalization without any additional cost all-time being expended on new or repetitive studies.
Critical instance case study. These examines the one or more sites for either the purpose of examining, a situation of unique interest in generalizability or to call into question or challenge a highly generalized or universal assertion .This Methodist useful for answering cause and effect questions.
Steps in Case Study
• Determine the present status of the case or cases.
• Identifying the most probable antecedents of case or cases.
• Verification of hypothesis or antecedents.
• Diagnosis and remedial measures.
• Follow up of the case or cases.
Sources of Data for Case Study
• Personal documentations, via diaries Memories autobiography writers’ acceptor of the researcher
• Qualification and interest of the researcher
• Life history of respondent
• Motive and objective of the study.
Advantages of Case Study
• Intensive Study: case study is a method responsible for intensive method of a unit.
• No sampling: it studies social units in its perspectives; there is no sampling in case study. Continuous analysis: it is valuable in analyzing continuously the life of social unit to dig out the facts
• Hypothesis formulation: this method is useful for formulation of hypothesis for further study.
• Comparison: it compares the facts about the study of unit.
Increase in knowledge: it gives analytical power for person to increase knowledge.
generalization of data: case study method provides grounds for generalization of data
Framing of questionnaire or scheduled.
Disadvantages of Case Study
• Limited representative: due to as narrow focuses on case study has limited representatives
• No classification: any classification is not possible due to studying of small unit.
• Possibility of errors: it has many errors and judgments
• Subjective method: it is subject oriented than objective.
• Not easy and simple: this method is very difficult.
• Costly and time consuming: this method is more difficult compared to others.
• No fixed limits: it is based on the situations and has no fixed limits.
• Bias can occur: due to the narrow study the discrimination and can occur in the investigations of a social unit.
Table 1.
Difference between Case Study and Surveys
Case study . Survey
1. A case study refers to an in depth study in which a group, individual or a particular situation is situated. A survey refers to a research in where data is gathered from an entire population or very large sample in order to comprehend the opinions on the particular matter.
It is used in qualitative research. It is quantitative research
Case study produce in rich in depth area Survey produce numerical data
For case study, a relatively small population is chosen; this can vary from few individuals to group. For a survey, a large population can be used as the sample.
Findings of study cannot be generalized. Findings on case study can be generalized, when it is based on
Ways of Using Case Study
• Writing analysis of case study.
• Panel of experts.
• Analysis of similar case study.
• Cross examination.
Conclusion
The case study offers strong notion for the students that learning occurs naturally and inevitably when it flows towards their desire ,to extend their own ideas , desires and experience .the case study have something to say about the activities that invite students to take responsibility for the serious development of their interest, They stand examples for the students to work outside the classroom but students celebration and autonomy .too often schooling practices we subscribe to tend to invalidate students their own life experiences .these case study .these case study provides a challenge to us to find out educative ways that can match the range of abilities and disposition that bring with them to school (“25 Case Study Examples Every Marketer Should See,” n.d.).
Figure 1. Case study
References
• 25 Case Study Examples Every Marketer Should See. (n.d.). Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/case-study-examples
• Case study. (2019). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Case_study&oldid=909613449
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